一件小事 鲁迅
- 一件小事 鲁迅
- I S是什么意思
- gran turismo简称GT用中文怎么说
- 纽北最新的圈速表
- paper的中文是什么意思
- QQ墙是什么
- 英语中单词need的用法
一件小事（原文）
鲁迅
我从乡下跑到京城里，一转眼已经六年了。其间耳闻目睹的所谓国家大事，算起来也很不少；但在我心里，都不留什么痕迹，倘要我寻出这些事的影响来说，便只是增长了我的坏脾气，——老实说，便是教我一天比一天的看不起人。
但有一件小事，却于我有意义，将我从坏脾气里拖开，使我至今忘记不得。
这是民国六年的冬天，大北风刮得正猛，我因为生计关系，不得不一早在路上走。一路几乎遇不见人，好容易才雇定了一辆人力车，教他拉到S门去。不一会，北风小了，路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。刚近S门，忽而车把上带着一个人，慢慢地倒了。
跌倒的是一个女人，花白头发，衣服都很破烂。伊从马路上突然向车前横截过来；车夫已经让开道，但伊的破棉背心没有上扣，微风吹着，向外展开，所以终于兜着车把。幸而车夫早有点停步，否则伊定要栽一个大斤斗，跌到头破血出了。
伊伏在地上；车夫便也立住脚。我料定这老女人并没有伤，又没有别人看见，便很怪他多事，要自己惹出是非，也误了我的路。
我便对他说，“没有什么的。走你的罢！”
车夫毫不理会，——或者并没有听到，——却放下车子，扶那老女人慢慢起来，搀着臂膊立定，问伊说：
“你怎么啦？”
“我摔坏了。”
我想，我眼见你慢慢倒地，怎么会摔坏呢，装腔作势罢了，这真可憎恶。车夫多事，也正是自讨苦吃，现在你自己想法去。
车夫听了这老女人的话，却毫不踌躇，仍然搀着伊的臂膊，便一步一步的向前走。我有些诧异，忙看前面，是一所巡警分驻所，大风之后，外面也不见人。这车夫扶着那老女人，便正是向那大门走去。
我这时突然感到一种异样的感觉，觉得他满身灰尘的后影，刹时高大了，而且愈走愈大，须仰视才见。而且他对于我，渐渐的又几乎变成一种威压，甚而至于要榨出皮袍下面藏着的“小”来。
我的活力这时大约有些凝滞了，坐着没有动，也没有想，直到看见分驻所里走出一个巡警，才下了车。
巡警走近我说，“你自己雇车罢，他不能拉你了。”
我没有思索的从外套袋里抓出一大把铜元，交给巡警，说，“请你给他……”
风全住了，路上还很静。我走着，一面想，几乎怕敢想到自己。以前的事姑且搁起，这一大把铜元又是什么意思？奖他么？我还能裁判车夫么？我不能回答自己。
这事到了现在，还是时时记起。我因此也时时煞了苦痛，努力的要想到我自己。几年来的文治武力，在我早如幼小时候所读过的“子曰诗云”⑵一般，背不上半句了。独有这一件小事，却总是浮在我眼前，有时反更分明，教我惭愧，催我自新，并且增长我的勇气和希望。
一九二○年七月。⑶
□注释
⑴本篇最初发表于一九一九年十二月一日北京《晨报·周年纪念增刊》。
⑵“子曰诗云”：“子曰”即“夫子说”；“诗云”即“《诗经》上说”。泛指儒家古籍。这里指旧时学塾的初级读物。
⑶据报刊发表的年月及《鲁迅日记》，本篇写作时间当在一九一九年十一月。
写作背景及思想感情
鲁迅先生的《一件小事》的写作背景是：1919年，五四运动爆发。这场运动使得知识分子在劳动人民身上找到了革新中华民族的希望所在，因而提出了“劳工神圣”的口号。学生若不了解这样的背景，一般只会把它看作一曲人力车夫正直无私品德的颂歌，而不会将之上升到赞扬劳动人民，提倡知识分子必须向劳动人民学习的高度。
英文版
A SMALL INCIDENT
(From the “Call to Arms“ collection)
translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)
Six years have slipped by since I came from the country to the
capital. During that time the number of so-called affairs of state I
have witnessed or heard about is far from small, but none of them made
much impression. If asked to define their influence on me, I can only
say they made my bad temper worse. Frankly speaking, they taught me
to take a poorer view of people every day.
One small incident, however, which struck me as significant and
jolted me out of my irritability, remains fixed even now in my memory.
It was the winter of 1917, a strong north wind was blustering,
but the exigencies of earning my living forced me to be up and out
early. I met scarcely a soul on the road, but eventually managed to
hire a rickshaw to take me to S-Gate. Presently the wind dropped a
little, having blown away the drifts of dust on the road to leave a
clean broad highway, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace. We were
just approaching S-Gate when we knocked into someone who slowly
toppled over.
It was a grey-haired woman in ragged clothes. She had stepped
out abruptly from the roadside in front of us, and although the rick-
shaw man had swerved, her tattered padded waistcoat, unbuttoned and
billowing in the wind, had caught on the shaft. Luckily the rickshaw
man had slowed down, otherwise she would certainly have had a bad fall
and it might have been a serious accident.
She huddled there on the ground, and the rickshaw man stopped.
As I did not believe the old woman was hurt and as no one else had
seen us, I thought this halt of his uncalled for, liable to land him
trouble and hold me up.
“It’s all right,“ I said. “Go on.“
He paid no attention - he may not have heard - but set down the
shafts, took the old woman’s arm and gently helped her up.
“Are you all right?“ he asked.
“I hurt myself falling.“
I thought: I saw how slowly you fell, how could you be hurt?
Putting on an act like this is simply disgusting. The rickshaw man
asked for trouble, and now he’s got it. He’ll have to find his own
way out.
But the rickshaw man did not hesitate for a minute after hearing
the old woman’s answer. Still holding her arm, he helped her slowly
forward. Rather puzzled by his I looked ahead and saw a police-
station. Because of the high wind, there was no one outside. It was
there that the rickshaw man was taking the old woman.
Suddenly I had the strange sensation that his dusty retreating
figure had in that instant grown larger. Indeed, the further he
walked the larger he loomed, until I had to look up to him. At the
same time he seemed gradually to be exerting a pressure on me which
threatened to overpower the small self hidden under my fur-lined gown.
Almost paralysed at that juncture I sat there motionless, my mind
a blank, until a policeman came out. Then I got down from the rick-
shaw.
The policeman came up to me and said, “Get another rickshaw. He
can’t take you any further.“
On the spur of the moment I pulled a handful of coppers from my
coat pocket and handed them to the policeman. “Please give him this,“
I said.
The wind had dropped completely, but the road was still quiet.
As I walked along thinking, I hardly dared to think about myself.
Quite apart from what had happened earlier, what had I meant by that
handful of coppers? Was it a reward? Who was I to judge the rickshaw
man? I could give myself no answer.
Even now, this incident keeps coming back to me. It keeps dis-
tressing me and makes me try to think about myself. The politics and
the fighting of those years have slipped my mind as completely as the
classics I read as a child. Yet this small incident keeps coming back
to me, often more vivid than in actual life, teaching me shame, spur-
ring me on to reform, and imbuing me with fresh courage and fresh
hope.
July 1920
《一件小事》的特点是短小精悍，内容警策深邃。全文仅一千字左右，作品描写的是日常生活中的一件小事。在歌颂下层劳动人民崇高品质的同时，还反映了知识分子的自我反省，表现出真诚向劳动人民学习的新思想。在五四运动时期能有如此认识是很不寻常的，具有深远的社会意义。本篇的写作特点，一是运用对比手法，将车夫和“我”对于同一件事的不同态度进行对照，显露出“我”自私自利的渺小，映射出车夫的光明磊落，敢做敢当，关心别人的高大形象。这种对比的妙处在于以间接而含蓄的笔墨突出劳动者的朴实无私。在表现形式上，本篇好似一篇速写画，又近于当代的“小小说”，短小精悍，清新可人而意味深长；情节真实可信，成为现代小说中传颂最广的名篇之一。
I S
网络释义
I S:直航附加费 美加航线使用
door I/S:车门内手柄总成
rhexigenous i.s:破生细胞间隙
GT：拉丁文Gran Turismo，英文翻译为Grand Touring，Grand的意思是大，而Touring的意思是旅行。Grand Touring加在一起，其实是解作大型的旅行车。远在欧洲尚未有汽车的年代中，Grand Touring在当时是解作长途旅行时所使用的大型马车的车厢。但是现在随着时代不断的演进与变迁，马车早已经被汽车所淘汰，在20世纪60年代的汽车普遍不能胜任长途旅行的工作，机械可靠程度很低，由此出现了一批高性能高可靠性的大马力跑车，被称为GT，而Grand Touring的意思也就转变为大马力的汽车，人类汽车历史上只要是能被称为GT的车型，必不是流俗之辈，现在GT已被泛指为高性能跑车,再没分豪华与不豪华。
在赛车界中，GT就是被指为拥有大马力动力输出，同时有车顶设计的双门双人所乘坐的超级跑车(开蓬跑车不能算为GT赛车)因此GT的中文名称或许应该称之为世界上最顶级的超级跑车。
FIA GT世界锦标赛是国际汽联所管辖最顶级的赛事之一，更是全球超级跑车制造厂商们的兵家必争之地，开办几年以来一直受到世界广大赛车爱好者的关注。沙林、里斯特、克莱斯勒、马莎拉蒂、林宝坚尼、保时捷、法拉利，来自名门贵族拥有优良血统与高科技资源的九家超级跑车制造厂，所精心打造的超级兵器都是FIA GT世界锦标赛的座上嘉宾。再加上七十几位来自世界各国驾驶技术一流的赛车手，在十一个国家各具有不同挑战性的国际赛道上，以最快速度全力完成比赛。
GT赛车是美感和动力的完美结合体，许多超级跑车制造厂都在GT比赛中建立起它们的名声，并让旗下的产品成为世界各国车迷们梦寐以求的超级跑车。在FIA GT的赛例中规定GT赛车必须由可在一般道路上行驶的跑车专业改装，并以引擎输出马力的大小分为两个组别，分别是平均有600匹马力的Grand Touring组和400至470匹马力的Series Grand Touring组（N-GT）。
根据FIA规定，参加GT赛事的车队全都是私人车队，并且不能接受车厂的直接经济援助，跑车制造厂只能出售车辆和配件以及提供技术和物流上的援助，同时车厂不能只向某一个车队售卖跑车。每个型号的赛车在每年第一场赛事中至少要有6辆参赛，不过经由专业改装车厂改装并且已经在FIA登记的符合规定的赛车可不受此限制，参加整个赛季的赛车最多只能有36辆，每场赛事都允许两名当地车手参加（举办赛事的国家）。无论任何原因，参赛的车辆都必须参加赛季中每场赛事，如果在其中任何一场缺席的话，那么在该赛季接下来几场赛事都不准许参赛，这样的规定可保证赛事的参赛者数量以及比赛的竞争性。
每场比赛的赛程以500公里或3小时为限，比赛车辆采用动态起跑方式。参赛车必须以量产车为基础经过专业改装制造而成，每一辆赛车至少由两名或最多三名车手连手参赛，每位车手最多只能持续驾驶赛程总距离之55%。赛事途中参赛车手与赛车必须几次经历进入维修站，与车队技术人员一起努力共同来完成、加油、换胎、换手的工作，也唯有紧密的团队合作才有机会击败强劲的竞争对手，在每一站赛事中完成这项艰巨的任务。而在2007赛季，比赛的时间方面会有所改变。除了斯帕24小时大赛以外，整个比赛的时间缩短为两天，而且比赛的长度也减少为两小时，同时规定每一辆赛车必须在比赛中两次进站。比赛时间的改变将会大大减低参赛的费用。
为使比赛更加精彩，赛事组委会不断修订并完善新的比赛规则，以保证比赛的公平性和刺激性。按照比赛规定，每一轮比赛获胜的赛车都将在下一轮比赛中负载相应的附加车载重量，第一名加重25 kg、第二名加重20 kg、第三名加重15 kg、第四名加重10 kg、第五名加重5 kg，并以累积100公斤为上限，所加的额外配重在下一次完赛，并且成绩在第六名之外方可减重，第七名减重5kg、第八名减重10kg、第九名减重15kg、第十名减重20kg、第十一名及以后减重25kg，每次减重以25公斤为限。这一规定对于排名暂时落后的赛车非常有利。
（1）、赛车
阿斯顿—马丁、雪佛兰、林宝坚尼、塞琳、马莎拉蒂、保时捷、法拉利，全部都是汽车业界中最传奇的名字。赛车由私人的专业车队负责运作。由道路上使用的超级跑车改装而成的赛车，马力分别达到400或650匹，它们被分成两组：马力最大的GT1和比较接近生产型号的GT2。此外，国家级超级跑车锦标赛(第2组)和单一制造商锦标赛(GT3)也可以非锦标赛争夺者形式参加比赛。这些车辆包括摩士拿(Mosler)MT900、莲花Exige 300RR和吉列维迪高(Gillet Vertigo)。
（2）、车手
各式各样的车手都有份参加比赛—前一级方程式或3000方程式明星车手、耐力赛及超级跑车赛专门车手、年青和正在成长中的车手和有才能的君子车手。二或三位车手会共享一辆赛车。在24小时比赛中，更可以有多达四位车手。
（3）、比赛形式
- 自由练习：两个各90分钟的时段
- 排位赛：一个20分钟的时段决定起步位置
- 热身：在比赛日早上一个15分钟的时段
- 比赛：以500公里或者3小时为上限。除了巴西的Mil Milhas一千英里大赛和比利时的斯柏24小时大赛。
除了斯柏24小时大赛(星期六)和迪拜(星期五)之外，比赛将在星期日举行。每场比赛的前三名赛车都会被累积地增加重量。
（4）、FIA-GT的特殊规例介绍
1. 除了某些特定情况，组成锦标赛的每场赛事的赛程都控制在500公里和3小时以内，比利时－斯帕站比赛控制在24小时以内（不计暖胎圈）。
2. 车队的积分是计算每场赛事中该车队内得分最高的两辆赛车的得分，实行10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1的记分制度。
3. 任何车手在每场赛事中只要跑了20%以上的赛程，都可获得分数。每场500公里赛事中只允许2至3名车手驾驶同一辆车，每名车手至多只可以驾驶55%的赛程，在24小时赛事中最多允许4名车手，每名车手每次驾驶不可超过3小时，总驾驶时间不可超过12小时，其中休息时间不允许少于1小时。任何车手不允许换车。
4. 按前一站赛事中车手的组别排名，下一站赛事全程该车手的赛车要在前一站的车重的基础上加重或减重。列表如下：
上一站比赛的组别排名
GT组 N-GT组
第1名 + 40 kg + 20 kg
第2名 + 30 kg + 15 kg
第3名 + 20 kg + 10 kg
第4名 - 20 kg - 10 kg
第5名 - 30 kg - 15 kg
第6名 - 40 kg - 20 kg
第7名或以后 - 40 kg - 20 kg
A
1、Radical SR8 ’2005：6分55秒。
2、Gumpert Apollo Speed：7分11秒57。
3、Edo Competition 996 GT2 ’2005：7分15秒。
4、Dodge Viper SRT10 ACR：7分22秒01。
5、Maserati MC12：7分24秒29。
6、Pagani Zonda F Clubsport：7分24秒44。
7、Ferrari ENZO：7分25秒21。
“SportsCar”词根介绍：Sport
1、读音：英?
2、表达意思：n. 运动；游戏；娱乐；运动会；玩笑 、vi. 游戏 、vt. 游戏；参加体育运动；夸耀 、adj. 运动的
3、例句：
I chose boxing because it is my favourite sport.
我选择了拳击，因为那是我最喜爱的运动。
意思是：纸、纸张、报纸、文件、文献等。
读音：英 ??
复数： papers
习语：on paper：写下来；笔录?
用法：多指在学术刊物上发表或在学术会议上宣读的专题论文，也指高等学校的学期论文等。
例如：The professor wrote a paper on psychology.教授写了一篇心理学论文。
扩展资料
同义词辨析
essay、article、composition、paper 【词义：文章】
1、composition n. 作文
〔辨析〕多指老师要求学生写的作文练习。
〔例证〕He made several spelling mistakes in the composition.他在作文中犯了多处拼写错误。
2、essay n. 文章，论说文，小品文
〔辨析〕指学生为某门课程所写的短文或论说文，或指关于政治、社会等的小品文、散文等。
〔例证〕She wrote an essay on Homer.她写了一篇关于荷马的文章。
3、article n. 文章
〔辨析〕多指在报刊上发表的非小说类文章，如新闻报道、学术论文等。
〔例证〕Did you read the article on the information revolution?你读了有关信息革命的那篇文章没有？
什么是爱墙？爱墙有什么历史？ 爱墙坐落在巴黎市北蒙马特高地半山腰上的一个街头小公园里。公园是一个巴黎街头随处可见的那种公众休憩场所，墙也是一面不是特别高大厚重的普通石墙，但是墙上却有用三百多种文字写成的“我爱你”。爱墙约有40平方米，由511块规格为21x 29.7厘米的深蓝色的长方形瓷砖贴成，瓷砖上用311种语言和方言的手写笔迹写满了同一句话 “我爱你”：I love you（英语）, je t’aime（法语）, ti amo（意大利语）, ich liebe dich（德语）…… 任何一个国家的人到这里都未免一下子看花了眼。作为中国游客，您可以先从爱墙的最左侧看起，在那里您可以找到竖排的三个汉字“我爱你”，其中的“爱”字是繁体。在墙的上方还有一幅漫画，画中女郎身穿深蓝色吊带裙，斜倚在一张小桌旁，画旁边一行小字写道：“保持理智，勿要强求（soyons raisonnable, exigeons l’impossible）” 什么是QQ爱墙？ QQ爱墙是QQ提供给亿万Q友抒发情感、表露爱意的在互联网上的真爱之墙！只要你在QQ爱墙上为你的爱人贴上了爱的祝福，你的爱情祝福就可以显示在QQ面板上，让亿万Q友见证你们的爱，让你们的爱铭刻于QQ爱墙，永久珍藏。 为什么有那么多QQ爱墙网站？ 除了lovewa客户端什么QQ版本才能显示图标？QQ2008 beta1或以上版本的QQ，才能显示QQ爱墙图标
n.
需要, 必需 缺乏; 穷困; 困难; 危急 需要的东西
be in need of food
需要食物
daily needs
日用品 =There is no need to hurry). 不用着急。
satisfy one’s needs
满足某人的需要
from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
各尽所能, 按需分配
needs test
经济情况调查(如对申请救济金的失业人员和年老者的调查)
help people in need
帮助处于困难中的人们
Is there any need for you to go there?
你有必要去那里吗?
She feels the need of companionship.
她感到需要友谊。
There is no need for hurrying (
v.
（否定形式略写为 needn’t） （常与to连用） 需要
Plant needs water.
植物需要水。
He needed all his charm to persuade her that it was not his fault.
他需要使出浑身解数来叫她相信那不是他的错。
My shirt needs a button.
我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
She’s on holiday; she needed a change from work.
她正在度假,她需要放下工作改变一下生活。
These six kitchens are all needed when the plane is full of passengers.
这六个厨房在飞机载满旅客时都用得着。
You didn’t need to tell him the news; it just made him sad.
你无需告诉他这一消息, 那只会使他悲哀。
必须，不得不
You needn’t talk so loud.
你不必这么大声讲话。
Need you go so soon?
你非得这么快就走吗？
We need to work harder.
我们必须更加努力工作。
You needn’t have told him the news; he knew it already.
你不必再告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。
n.
缺乏；缺少；需要
children’s need for milk
儿童需要牛奶
The hungry children were in need of food.
这些饥饿的孩子需要食物。
责任；义务
a need for taxes
纳税的义务
No need to go yet, it’s still early.
不必走，还早着呢。
必需品
Their need was fresh water.
他们所必需的是淡水。
贫穷；困难
illness, need, and other troubles of the world
疾病、贫困以及世界上其他的烦恼
He is in great need.
他穷得很。
need
n.
需要, 必需, 必需品, 要求, 贫困
vt.
需要
modal v.必要, 必须
need
need
AHD:
D.J.
K.K.
n.（名词）
A lack of something required or desirable:
需要：对想要或期望的事物的缺乏：
crops in need of water; a need for affection.
需要水的庄稼；对感情的需要
Something required or wanted; a requisite:
必需品：要求或需要的事物；需要物：
Our needs are modest.
我们的必需品是谦虚
Necessity; obligation:
必要；义务：
There is no need for you to go.
你没有必要去
A condition of poverty or misfortune:
贫困：贫穷或不幸的状况：
The family is in dire need.
这个家庭极为贫困
v.（动词）
need.ed， need.ing， needs
aux.（助词）
To be under the necessity of or the obligation to:
必须要：必须要，有义务要：
They need not come.
他们不必来
v.tr.（及物动词）
To have need of; require:
需要；想要：
The family needs money.
这个家庭需要钱
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To be in need or want.
需要，想要
To be necessary.
有必要
Middle English nede
中古英语 nede
from Old English n??d}
源自 古英语 n??d}
need， necessity， exigency， requisite
These nouns denote a condition in which something essential is required or wanted; they also refer to that which is required or wanted.
这些名词都指处于对必需品的要求和需求的一种状况；它们也指需要的或要求的东西。
Need is the most general:
Need 最普遍：
There’s no need to be concerned.
没必要担忧。
She is serene and contented;
她很安详、平静；
her emotional and spiritual needs are being met.
她感情和精神上的需要都得到了满足。
Necessity more strongly than need suggests urgency, inevitability, or unavoidable obligation:
Necessity 比need 更强， 用来指紧迫的、不可避免的或不可躲避的义务：
“I think the necessity of being ready increases.—Look to it” (Abraham Lincoln).
“我认为做好准备的 紧迫性增加了。——注意” （亚伯拉罕·林肯）。
“The rehabilitation of the cabin became a necessity” (Bret Harte).
“小屋的重新修建已是不可避免的了” （布雷特·哈特）。
Exigency implies acute urgency, especially that arising from conditions or circumstances such as those of an emergency:
Exigency 指非常紧迫，尤指产生于类似紧急事件的条件或环境：
“No . . . more pernicious provisions can be suspended during any of the great exigencies of government” (David Davis)
“没有…曾经创造的 能比在一次政府的危急关头对 条款的取消更为有害的” （大卫·戴维斯）。
Requisite applies to something indispensable:
Requisite 指不可缺少的事物：
“a place where the three grand requisites of water, fuel and fodder were to be obtained” (James Fenimore Cooper).See also Synonyms at lack
“三种主要必需品，水、燃料和草料都具备的地方” （吉姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀）参见同义词 lack
Depending on the sense, the verb need behaves sometimes like an auxiliary verb (such as can or may ) and sometimes like a main verb (such as want or try ). When used as a main verb, need agrees with its subject, takes to before the verb following it, and combines with do in questions, negations, and certain other constructions:
根据语义，动词need 有时当作助动词来使用（如 can 或 may )， 有时象实义动词（如want 或 try )。 当用作实义动词时，need 和主语一致， 把to 放在其后面动词的前面， 在疑问句、否定句或某些特定的造句法上和do 连用：
He needs to go.
他想走。
Does he need to go so soon?
他这么快就要走吗?
He doesn’t need to go.
他不需要走。
When used as an auxiliary verb, need does not agree with its subject, does not take to before the verb following it, and does not combine with do :
当用作助动词时，need 不用和主语一致， 不用把to 放在其后动词的前面， 并且不用和do 连用：
He needn’t go.
他不必走。
Need he go so soon?
他这么快就要走吗?
The auxiliary forms of need are used primarily in present-tense questions, negations, and conditional clauses. They differ subtly in meaning from the main verb forms in that they always refer to an externally imposed obligation. Hence one might say You needn’t (or less formally, don’t need to ) fill out both forms, but where the sense of necessity is internal to the subject, only the main verb can be used:
Need 的助动词形式主要用于现在时态的疑问句、否定句和条件句中。它们在意思上和用作实义动词的形式有细微的区别，它们总指外部加强的压力。因此我们可以说你没必要 （或不太正规的 don’t need to ) 填两份表格 ， 但是对于物体来说需要的意思是内在的，所以只能用实义动词：
I don’t need to (not needn’t ) be told how to manage my own affairs.
我不需要（而不是 needn’t ) 被告诉怎知管理自己的事情 。
Note also that the use of need as an auxiliary is often accompanied by a presupposition that the activity in question has in fact been performed. The boys needn’t have spoken frankly implies that they did in fact speak frankly, whereas the sentence The boys did not need to speak frankly does not; only the latter could be followed by a clause like they conveyed their meanings by indirection.
还需注意need 用作助动词时经常伴随一个先决条件， 质问的动作事实上已经完成了。那些男孩们本来不需要坦诚相告的意味着他们事实上已经坦率地说了， 然而这个句子男孩们不需要坦诚地说话 就没有这个意思；只有后者可以在其后跟这样一个句子，如他们间接地表达他们的意思
need
v.
（否定形式略写为 needn’t） （常与to连用）
需要
Plant needs water.
植物需要水。
He needed all his charm to persuade her that it was not his fault.
他需要使出浑身解数来叫她相信那不是他的错。
My shirt needs a button.
我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
She’s on holiday; she needed a change from work.
她正在度假,她需要放下工作改变一下生活。
These six kitchens are all needed when the plane is full of passengers.
这六个厨房在飞机载满旅客时都用得着。
You didn’t need to tell him the news; it just made him sad.
你无需告诉他这一消息, 那只会使他悲哀。
必须，不得不
You needn’t talk so loud.
你不必这么大声讲话。
Need you go so soon?
你非得这么快就走吗？
We need to work harder.
我们必须更加努力工作。
You needn’t have told him the news; he knew it already.
你不必再告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。
need
n.
缺乏；缺少；需要
children’s need for milk
儿童需要牛奶
The hungry children were in need of food.
这些饥饿的孩子需要食物。
责任；义务
a need for taxes
纳税的义务
No need to go yet, it’s still early.
不必走，还早着呢。
必需品
Their need was fresh water.
他们所必需的是淡水。
贫穷；困难
illness, need, and other troubles of the world
疾病、贫困以及世界上其他的烦恼
He is in great need.
他穷得很。
if need be
如果需要
If need be, I can come early tomorrow.
如果需要的话，明天我可早来。
need
n.
需要, 必需
缺乏; 穷困; 困难; 危急
需要的东西
be in need of food
需要食物
daily needs
日用品 =There is no need to hurry). 不用着急。
satisfy one’s needs
满足某人的需要
from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
各尽所能, 按需分配
needs test
经济情况调查(如对申请救济金的失业人员和年老者的调查)
help people in need
帮助处于困难中的人们
Is there any need for you to go there?
你有必要去那里吗?
She feels the need of companionship.
她感到需要友谊。
There is no need for hurrying (
need
vt.
需要
必须, 有...必要
My car needs repairing.
我的车需要修理。
Does he need any help?
他需要帮忙吗?
You don’t need to be told twice.
不必告诉你两遍。
need
v., aux.
需要; 必须, 不得不
You need not
come today.
今天你不必来。 -
N-we make the test?
我们需要做这个试验吗? -
Yes, we must.
是的, 需要。(否定回答: No, we needn’t. 不, 不需要。)
He need not have done it.
他本不需要做这件事。
need
vi.
生活贫困
需要(主要用于无人称句)
Give to those that need.
救济贫困者。
There needs no apology.
无辩解的必要。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难之交是真朋友。
at (one’s) need
在紧急时; 在困难时; 在危险时
be in need of ... ...
需要...
cryingneed
迫切的需要
do one’s needs
便
had need (to) do sth.
应该做某事
have need of
需要做
have need to do sth.
必须做某事
If need be
如果必要的话
in need
在危难中, 在危急中
in case of need
在紧急的时候
N-makes the old wife trot.
急时老太婆也能跑。
need not have
本来不需要
What need(s)?
为什么要这样?
achievement need
进取需要
actual need
实际需要
adolescent need
青少年的需要
borrowing need
贷款(的)要求
cash need
现金需要
consumer need
消费者的要求
energy need
能源需要
financial need
财政需要
long-standing need
长期未能满足的迫切需要
marginal need
边际需要
national need
政府职能需要
primary need
基本需要
social need
社会需要
subsidy need
津贴需要, 必要津贴额
treatment need
作业法要求
unit manpower needs
单位产品必要的劳动消耗量
user need
用户需要
need necessity requisite
都含“必需”、“需要”的意思。
need指“急需”, 如:
A friend in need is a friend inneed.
患难之交才是真正的朋友。
necessity 属正式用语, 指“必要”、“对不可缺少东西的需要”, 如:
They are in need of food, food is a necessity for all living things.
他们需要食物, 食物对一切生物是必不可少的。
requisite指“必需品”、“对某一特殊目的所不能缺少的东西”, 如:
the requisites for a long march
长途行军所必需的东西。
need
中古英语nede《古英语nied
need
lackrequirewant
need
need
AHD:
D.J.
K.K.
n.
A lack of something required or desirable:
crops in need of water; a need for affection.
Something required or wanted; a requisite:
Our needs are modest.
Necessity; obligation:
There is no need for you to go.
A condition of poverty or misfortune:
The family is in dire need.
v.
need.ed, need.ing, needs
aux.
To be under the necessity of or the obligation to:
They need not come.
v.tr.
To have need of; require:
The family needs money.
v.intr.
To be in need or want.
To be necessary.
Middle English nede
from Old English n??d}
need, necessity, exigency, requisite
These nouns denote a condition in which something essential is required or wanted; they also refer to that which is required or wanted.
Need is the most general:
There’s no need to be concerned.
She is serene and contented;
her emotional and spiritual needs are being met.
Necessity more strongly than need suggests urgency, inevitability, or unavoidable obligation:
“I think the necessity of being ready increases.—Look to it” (Abraham Lincoln).
“The rehabilitation of the cabin became a necessity” (Bret Harte).
Exigency implies acute urgency, especially that arising from conditions or circumstances such as those of an emergency:
“No . . . more pernicious provisions can be suspended during any of the great exigencies of government” (David Davis)
Requisite applies to something indispensable:
“a place where the three grand requisites of water, fuel and fodder were to be obtained” (James Fenimore Cooper).See also Synonyms at lack
Depending on the sense, the verb need behaves sometimes like an auxiliary verb (such as can or may ) and sometimes like a main verb (such as want or try ). When used as a main verb, need agrees with its subject, takes to before the verb following it, and combines with do in questions, negations, and certain other constructions:
He needs to go.
Does he need to go so soon?
He doesn’t need to go.
When used as an auxiliary verb, need does not agree with its subject, does not take to before the verb following it, and does not combine with do :
He needn’t go.
Need he go so soon?
The auxiliary forms of need are used primarily in present-tense questions, negations, and conditional clauses. They differ subtly in meaning from the main verb forms in that they always refer to an externally imposed obligation. Hence one might say You needn’t (or less formally, don’t need to ) fill out both forms, but where the sense of necessity is internal to the subject, only the main verb can be used:
I don’t need to (not needn’t ) be told how to manage my own affairs.
Note also that the use of need as an auxiliary is often accompanied by a presupposition that the activity in question has in fact been performed. The boys needn’t have spoken frankly implies that they did in fact speak frankly, whereas the sentence The boys did not need to speak frankly does not; only the latter could be followed by a clause like they conveyed their meanings by indirection
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